Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Why Cuxham Is Agrarian Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Why Cuxham Is Agrarian - Essay Example Each general public joins a predominant monetary movement, which encourages the networks to lead their lives in a viable way. It is prominent to express that development is noted to be one of the most significant monetary exercises in the Agrarian culture. During the medieval ages, a large portion of the districts were boosting their economy by developing in enormous zones of land. Notwithstanding, these kinds of financial exercises are explicitly seen in the Agrarian culture. Since the Roman occasions, the idea of Agrarian culture has its unmistakable quality in the social structure of the world. The significant trait of the medieval European ages as for Cuxham town were food grain development, farming creation just as brushing of life stock. Those are the significant cases of the Agrarian social structure in the medieval Europe. In such manner, to clarify the real situation of the social pyramid of Agrarian culture, Cuxham town has been followed for clarifying the fundamental highl ights in a fitting way (Forgeng). Since the medieval ages, the greater part of the individuals having a place with Cuxham are driving a normal town way of life that mirrors the Agrarian culture. The exact confirmations with respect to various towns in England existing in the thirteenth century give a specific degree of data, which clearly underpins Cuxham as an Agrarian culture. Also, there are two unmistakable issues that are seen inside the agrarian culture i.e., innovative courses of action just as social game plans.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Food Journal Reflections Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Food Journal Reflections - Lab Report Example I had one and a half serving of vegetables and one serving of natural product every day (natural substance) which I thought about excessively little. For nourishments with creature items, I took a glass of milk for every one of the two days. The greater part of the nourishments I ate are neighborhood food sources. A large portion of the nourishments supplied in the basic food item and grocery store slows down in the nation are neighborhood food sources. It is critical to provoke the nearby food industry by devouring a greater amount of the neighborhood nourishments than the imported ones (Wang,2014). The nearby nourishments are of a huge assortment each containing explicit healthful requirements.The normal American eats one serving of foods grown from the ground every day which is too little to even think about providing the essential natural necessities. There is likewise an expanding measure of meats utilization in American families while nourishments containing other fundamental creature items like minerals are on the decrease. A solid eating regimen necessitates that an individual eats a decent eating routine consistently while endeavoring to continue a caloric admission of around 2000 calories for every day. This requires eliminating meat utilization to in any event once per two days and increment the admission of nourishments with natural substance like foods grown from the ground to at any rate once every day. Alongside leafy foods, people ought to likewise endeavor to have something like each feast giving fundamental creature items separated from meat (Wang, 2014). Such items incorporate milk, eggs and so forth. Wang, D. D., Leung, C. W., Li, Y., Ding, E. L., Chiuve, S. E., Hu, F. B., and Willett, W. C. (2014). Patterns in dietary quality among grown-ups in the United States, 1999 through 2010. JAMA inward medicine,â 174(10),

How to Win Community Service Scholarships

Instructions to Win Community Service Scholarships SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you been fundamentally engaged with network administration or volunteer work?Will you be applying to school soon?Good news! You can utilize your locale administration encounters as an approach to help pay for school or to subsidize future volunteer undertakings. Peruse on to realize what network grants are, the means by which you can discover one, and how you can expand your odds of winning one. What Are Community Service Scholarships? Network administration grants are grants granted to understudies who have exhibited a noteworthy and constructive effect on their locale as a volunteer.Many schools and associations esteem understudies whom they think will positively affect the world, and they reward individuals who have started to do this effectively through their locale administration. While a few grants have necessities for the kind of administration that needed to have been done, network administration, when all is said in done, can be finished almost anyplace: clinics, parks, schools, creature sanctuaries, and more.As long as you have been altogether associated with an assistance venture, you will probably discover a grant you are qualified for, paying little mind to where you finished this work. The honor measures of these grants can extend from two or three hundred dollars to a few thousand dollars or more.Most of the grants are utilized to help pay for school, yet others are for subsidizing future assistance outings or activities. What Qualities Do Evaluators Look For in Community Service Scholarship Applications? The specific characteristics change for every grant, except as a rule evaluators search for: Duty to network administration and bettering the lives of others A profound enthusiasm for your charitable effort Initiative experience Work that had a solid positive effect on your locale Self-awareness because of network administration Peruse on to figure out how to underline these characteristics in your application and for bit by bit rules to creating a solid application that will build your odds of winning a network administration grant. #1: Develop a Strong Record of Community Service The most significant approach to build your odds of winning a network administration grant is to have a solid record of network service.Even in the event that you compose a splendid article, have top evaluations, and submit sparkling letters of proposal, in the event that you don’t have a past filled with huge and committed network administration, it will be essentially difficult to win a network administration grant. It’s clearly simpler to reinforce your locale administration on the off chance that you are more youthful and have additional time before applying for grants, however even individuals without a great deal of time can make enhancements to their locale administration record.Listed beneath are parts of solid network administration records to focus on in your own work. Characteristics of Strong Community Service: Working Primarily at One Location or in One Field Committing months or even a long time to chipping in at one spot or inside one field, (for example, instruction or medication) is more amazing than putting in a couple of hours chipping in at a wide range of spots, since it shows devotion and enthusiasm for a reason. In the event that, for instance, all your volunteer encounters have included working with creatures, the individuals surveying your application will have the option to plainly observe what your inclinations are and improve comprehension of your character and the issues you care about. Initiative Experience Schools are continually searching for pioneers since they are frequently bound to largerly affect the world.Ways to show authority through your locale administration encounters incorporate increasing greater obligation after some time, creating or driving the arranging of another task, and managing different volunteers. Normally Participating in Community Service The individuals and associations granting grants need to see a critical duty to helping other people, which implies they lean toward candidates who haveregularly took an interest in network administration over a significant stretch of time. This frequently implies months or long stretches of volunteer work.If you haven’t been engaged with network administration for long, attempt to chip in consistently and search for initiative open doors so as to reinforce this piece of your administration. Helping People or a Place You Care About An energy for helping other people is a basic piece of most network administration grants, so analysts need to see candidates who have solid explanations behind volunteering.Hopefully, you had significant purposes behind deciding to chip in where you did. Do you intend to work in a comparable field later on? Was this spot critical to you growing up? Did you have an especially persuasive mentor while growing up and need to give a similar direction to another person? Talk about these reasons in your article or potentially have another person examine them in your letter of recommendation.Try to create associations with the individuals you are helping and the individuals you are working with. Not exclusively will this make your humanitarian effort increasingly charming, it will likewise likely build the constructive effect you have and make individuals additionally ready to keep in touch with you an extraordinary letter of suggestion. #2: Analyze Your Community Service Experiences The application procedure for most network administration grants expects you to contemplate your locale administration and its effect on your life.Thinking about this now, right off the bat all the while, will offer you an opportunity to audit and fortify your responses and will likewise assist you with picking which grants to apply for and how to structure your articles later on. Ask yourself the accompanying inquiries, and record the appropriate responses some place where you can reference them again as you complete your applications: What caused you first to decide to take an interest in network administration? For what reason did you decide to chip in where you did? How has your locale administration transformed you? How has your locale administration profited others? What is your preferred memory from network administration? What kinships have you picked up because of your locale administration? #3: Have Solid Academics Despite the fact that the individuals checking on your application are especially intrigued by your locale administration, they additionally need to grant the grants to solid understudies, as most of these grants will be utilized to pay for college.Many people group administration grants require a base GPA, and somealso require finishing specific coursework, for example, taking certain math courses for grants equipped towards STEM understudies. For most network administration grants, the more grounded your evaluations and scholastic work, the better your opportunity of winning.This incorporates your GPA, class rank, and thoroughness of your courses.Some grants are additionally just given to understudies anticipating studying a specific field or who plan on seeking after a specific vocation, for example, nursing or social work. On the off chance that your evaluations aren’t as high as you’d prefer them to be, there are some network administration grants that don't consider your evaluations, so you might need to concentrate on applying to those. #4: Research Different Scholarships After you've invested energy fortifying and considering your locale administration encounters, it’s time to begin searching for scholarships.There are many network administration grants accessible, and we have a guide that incorporates a total rundown of them!You can likewise observe ifyour secondary school or future school offers network administration grants, or search on the web. You can look for grants dependent on the sort of network administration performed, explicit schools you’d like to apply to, GPA prerequisites, and that's just the beginning. Before you apply to a grant, it's imperative to check whetheryou meet its qualification necessities. Numerous people group administration grants have unmistakable prerequisites for things, for example, applicants’ age, race, GPA, and monetary need.Check qualification cautiously now with the goal that you don’t sit around idly applying for a grant you don’t quality for. You likewise shouldn't have any significant bearing to only one scholarship.One of the most ideal approaches to expand your odds of winning a network administration grant is to apply for different scholarships.Keep as a top priority also that not all network grants are confined to secondary school seniors, so you might have the option to begin applying prior and develop your grant subsidize. All through this procedure, you should likewise be giving cautious consideration to application deadlines.Many cutoff times are right off the bat in the school year, so attempt to begin your applications early and utilize a schedule to monitor when materials should be submitted. #5: Write a Strong Essay Practically all network administration grants require an exposition so as to apply, and they are regularly the most significant piece of your application.Your article allows you to clarify what you did during your locale administration, the effect it had on others, and the effect it had on you. These are everything that are critical to grant advisory groups. Before you start any article, ensure you deliberately read the directions. Various grants will need your article to concentrate on various parts of your locale administration. Some need you to talk about how you changed, while others need you to concentrate more on how you helped other people. Some need you to depict one explicit memory from your locale administration while others need a wide review of your work. Focus on this, on the grounds that regardless of whether you compose a magnificent paper, in the event that it wasn’t on what the guidelines requested, you won’t win the grant. On the off chance that you are applying to various grants, additionally be set up to compose various papers for every one of them, in spite of the fact that you can frequently reuse portions of one exposition for different grants. We have a guide thatexplains bit by bit how to compose extraordinary network administration expositions. Some significant focuses to remember are: Incorporate explicit subtleties

Friday, August 21, 2020

Analysis Of Scientific c Essay Example for Free

Examination Of Scientific c Essay The initial phase in the logical technique is to play out some foundation explore and in the news story (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). It is inferred that this progression had been followed in light of the fact that it makes reference to that different specialists have just made a few examinations and analyzes and have been doing it for quite a while. Clearly the researchers in the ebb and flow study have played out a foundation investigation of past endeavors to create different cements. The subsequent advance is the detailing of the speculation and in this specific news, the theory is whether it is conceivable to plan a glue that copies the capacity of the hairs on the toes of the gecko reptile that can clean themselves without utilizing water or synthetic concoctions. This would be an intriguing outcome in light of the fact that typically, earth would adhere to a glue and it would lose its tenacity simultaneously. Dreading clarifies that a definitive objective is to build up an off-road robot that can copy the gecko reptile that could stroll on grimy surfaces along dividers and roofs (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). The subsequent stage in the logical technique is to lead a few investigations to test the theory and the news story gives a harsh sketch of the analyses that the architects had led, where they use microfibers produced using hardened polymers to speak to the toe hairs and microspheres with breadths going from three to 10 microns to reenact earth (â€Å"Engineers Create New,† 2008). After the trials, an examination of the outcomes was made, and it was referenced that it was to be sure workable for the microfibers to dispose of a portion of the earth after each reenacted venture of a gecko reptile. As an end, it is shown that it is conceivable to make a cement that cleans itself yet further investigations must be made with different sorts of surfaces in light of the fact that in these tests, just glass was utilized. Taking a gander at the logical adequacy of the news story, we can see that there is no notice of the example size, which is very regular in such sorts of articles. As should be obvious, this article is deficient in this regard yet it could be accepted this is referenced in the real report made by the researchers. With respect to the benchmark group, there is no particular notice of the scientists really playing out a test where basic sticky materials are utilized rather than the microfibers being considered. The news report is likewise ailing in this regard yet it could have been expected that it is the regular information on the peruser that with the standard glue, earth aggregates until it is not, at this point clingy. In the examination, the autonomous factors are the scope of the measures of the microspheres and the qualities of the glass surface and the microfibers. The reliant variable is the amount of microspheres that get stored on the glass surface each time the recreated venture of a gecko is performed on it. Another needy variable is the bond quality of the new sticky material after a few stages have been finished. There would be some doubt of predisposition in the piece of the scientists if a specific outcome would serve to profit them. Taken in this light, nearly everybody could be associated with inclination yet in this examination, the researchers are researchers who have all the earmarks of being real in their wants to make something helpful for humankind. References College of California Berkeley (2008, September 10). Architects Create New Gecko-like Adhesive That Shakes Off Dirt. ScienceDaily. Recovered June 23, 2009, from http://www. sciencedaily. com/discharges/2008/09/080910090610. htm

Major depressive disorder in children Free Essays

Sadness is quick getting one of the most across the board sicknesses influencing the adolescent today. It is regularly depicted in layman’s terms as a condition in which someone in particular feels more troubled than ordinary, as having the instance of â€Å"the blues†, or of being uniquely crippled and hopeless. In any case, Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), otherwise called clinical despondency, is portrayed as a mental issue wherein an individual is rendered unequipped for expelling oneself from an industrious feeling of misery and a diminished enthusiasm for the entirety of their exercises. We will compose a custom paper test on Significant burdensome issue in kids or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now These side effects must endure for a time of no under about fourteen days all together for a finding of Major Depressive Disorder to be made. (Watt Markham, 2005) Other side effects of MDD incorporate sentiments of uselessness, noteworthy weight change, drowsiness, contemplations of death. Watt Markham (2005) place that MDD has natural factors in its etiology in kids. These include hereditary make-up and hormonal unevenness. Different elements adding to MDD incorporate mental and natural variables. Mental components may include elements of educated vulnerability, sadness, and burdensome character qualities which all add to the possible pointless path by which the kid will see the world. Natural elements incorporate distressing life occasions, for example, the passing of a friend or family member or a child’s negative involvement with one of the social jobs the person in question plays. Social jobs in youngsters regularly incorporate those they have in their families and in school. Not having the option to effectively satisfy these jobs can again prompt pointless considerations and to sentiments of uselessness in the youngster. Mental, ecological and natural factors all assume an equivalent job in adding to a child’s inevitable encounter of MDD. All things considered, every one of these elements are impacting everything in a specific way in a clinically discouraged youngster. What is clear, in any case, is that the establishment of MDD in the burdensome child’s life is sweeping and expansive. It comes from a wide range of parts of the child’s persona and as such influences every one of these perspectives thus. Every one of the three elements must be thought about. In any case, since youngsters are still in an uneven condition of improvement, their mental and natural states are still in a tricky condition. This renders Major Depressive Disorder in this age bunch shut to specific sorts of treatment for discouragement. Just a couple of kinds of treatment have been found to have adequacy in diminishing burdensome indications in kids. What's more, and still, after all that, these couple of medicines have not all had the option to give genuinely youngster agreeable methods for managing sorrow. One of the medications for MDD, which has gotten a lot of enthusiasm from analysts, is pharmacotherapy. This includes the admission of medications, tricylcic antidepressants (TCA’s) and specific serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s), to smother and reduction the indications of MDD. In any case, it has been seen that most research discoveries strife in introduction of adequacy of pharmacotherapy treatment for teenagers and prepubescent kids. (Milin et al, 2003) Electroconvulsive treatment, which includes acquainting an electric stun with the individual’s framework, likewise has more prominent adequacy in treating MDD in grown-ups. Be that as it may, the use of this treatment on young people and prepubescent youngsters ends up being tricky. (Milin et al, 2003) Numerous moral issues must be considered before clinicians and specialists can test electroconvulsive treatment on kids. One of the most secure and least perilous medicines that are pertinent to clinically burdensome kids is psychosocial treatment. This incorporates Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), relational treatment, and family treatment. Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder, notwithstanding, may not be constrained to simply one sort. Mixes of the various classes of treatment can be made so as to make a more prominent possibility of progress and recuperation for the person. (Milin et al, 2003) Joining CBT with stimulant medicine has demonstrated outcomes that demonstrate the blend to be more compelling in treating discouragement than basically applying one of the given medications alone. (Rupke et al, 2006) Combining CBT with various psychosocial treatments, for example, family treatment, wherein the family is taught on the state of the youngster, has additionally demonstrated to be a considerably more successful treatment style. (Asarnow et al, 2002) Actually, I would decide to manage CBT over different treatments since it gives the most adaptability as far as tending to explicit sorts of misery experienced by the person. (Asarnow et al, 2002) In treating a youngster with MDD, individualization is basic. The treatment style that would best fit the child’s way of life and character ought to be picked. The CBT meetings will be fitted to coordinate explicit parts of the child’s misery. The initial step I would take is evaluate the youngster as far as the sort of despondency the person has. We would then pinpoint, together, the negative programmed contemplations the individual in question is inclined to have. We would follow the particular circumstances and situations which lead the person in question to this sort of antagonistic intuition and to conduct normal for wretchedness. Endless supply of the child’s personal conduct standards, objectives for the CBT meetings will be set. Whatever degree does the kid need to diminish their indications of sadness? This will permit the person in question to build up a feeling of inclusion in their own treatment. Having the youngster define his own objectives gives that person more noteworthy inspiration to achieve them. From the start the youngster will be asked to just screen oneself by keeping a log of their conduct. The log will comprise of the at first pinpointed negative contemplations and practices that the kid has decided to change. The cases the person in question has pinpointed will likewise be observed and kept in the log. The initial fourteen days of information in the log will fill in as the benchmark. The log will be surveyed by the youngster with my direction after standard is set. The person in question will be guided to recognize the psychological twists the individual verifies circumstances. These may incorporate catastrophizing, high contrast thinking, fortune telling and so forth. These are maladaptive and just increment the child’s feeling of hopelessness, which is a central attribute of MDD. For instance, if the youngster admits to continually feeling that everything that turns out badly is their issue, the individual in question will be indicated the silly establishments of this conviction. A while later, various methods for responding and acting will be conceptualized so as to supplant the past conduct and discernments. The youngster will be guided to understand that outer circumstances and people are outside their control yet that the manner in which the person responds, their view of these occasions is the thing that the individual can control. The log will be proceeded all together for the kid and myself to screen their advancement. In it, the person will likewise put subtleties of doled out schoolwork. Schoolwork will include rehearsing the new practices and perspective we conceived together. This is fundamental to the CBT meetings. The main part of the therapy’s achievement will depend on the child’s steady practice. Method for dealing with stress, for example, unwinding strategies, contemplation and so forth will be educated so as to guarantee proceeded with progress in the child’s treatment from despondency. These adapting and unwinding systems will likewise be doled out as schoolwork. Later on, exercises which the kid recently stayed away from will be acted with expectations of making for the kid another composition. This will impart in the kid a restored fearlessness and another mental self portrait. Other social exercises will likewise be pinpointed, in which the kid will draw in, as a methods for fortifying the positive composition the person in question is increasing about oneself and the world. Family mediation treatment may likewise be an alternative ought to the child’s family need it. References Asarnow, J. R., Scott, C. V., Mintz, J. (2002). A joined subjective conduct family instruction intercession for wretchedness in youngsters: a treatment improvement study. Intellectual Therapy and Research, 26(2), 221-229 Rupke, S. J., Blecke, D., Renfrow, M. (2006). Subjective treatment for despondency. American Family Physician, 73(1), 83-86 Walker, S., Chow, J. (2003). Significant burdensome issue in immaturity: a concise audit of the ongoing treatment writing. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 48(9),600-606 Watts, S. J., Markham, R. A. (2005). Etiology of melancholy in youngsters. Diary of Instructional Psychology, 32(3), 266-670  Step by step instructions to refer to Major burdensome issue in kids, Essay models

Monday, June 29, 2020

More Law Schools Plan to Accept the GRE

According to Kaplan Test Prep’s 2017 law school admissions survey, more law schools are considering allowing applicants to submit GRE scores in place of LSAT scores. Of the 128 U.S. law schools responding to the survey, 25% said that they plan to implement the use of GRE scores as an admissions policy, up from 14% in 2016; 45% said they have no plans to do so, down from 56% in 2016; and 30% are not sure, unchanged from 2016. The option of using GRE scores is positive for both the law schools and applicants. Schools will have a larger pool of prospective students to choose from, while students will have more options to get in. However, the governing body of the 200+ U.S. law schools, the American Bar Association (ABA), continues to deliberate whether to continue allowing GRE scores or at least temporarily to stop it. Law schools offer many reasons to begin accepting GRE scores and often state that they’ll be at a student recruitment disadvantage if they don’t. Other rationales include: †¢ Believing that it will become the norm and not doing it will leave them behind. †¢ Planning to do it because â€Å"Harvard is doing it.† †¢ Knowing that the GRE is more accessible. It’s offered every day of the year, doesn’t require advance registration, and is available in numerous test centers. †¢ Recognizing that a school has a range of applicants, many of whom are interested in non-traditional careers. They are better off taking the GRE. Although the number of schools who say that they will only accept the LSAT is declining, those admissions officers state that they don’t believe that the GRE is as predictive of first-year success as the LSAT. They also say that they won’t change their policy until the ABA makes its final ruling. Finally, they also state that they would have to do significant research to show that the GRE is an effective predictor. They’re waiting to see student performance and bar passage rates from Harvard and Arizona (the first schools to recognize GRE scores). Although the survey shows growing acceptance of GRE scores among law school admissions professionals, Jeff Thomas, executive director of pre-law programs, Kaplan Test Prep, suggests caution. â€Å"[T]here are numerous caveats for applicants who plan to seek the GRE route to get into law school. Firstly, most applicants will still have to take the LSAT as only three law schools accept the GRE this year. And even if you rock the GRE, but bomb the LSAT, law schools will see your LSAT score. You can’t only send the score you want to the schools you want. You will not be able to withhold your LSAT score. That means that while a high GRE score could mitigate against a weaker LSAT score, it will not be overlooked entirely. Plan on taking the LSAT.† Work with an expert to create a law school admissions strategy that will position you to get accepted at your top choice school! For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to top law schools and LLM programs. Our team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, lawyers, and professional writers who have guided our clients to acceptance at top programs including Yale, Stanford, Harvard, University of Chicago, Columbia University, Penn, NYU, and many more. Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ 5 Killer GRE Prep Tips, a free webinar †¢ Harvard Law School to Accept the GRE Beginning Fall 2017 †¢ Law School Selectivity Index [Can I Get Into My Dream School?]

Thursday, June 4, 2020

Reducing High Levels Of Nurse Turnover The Barrier In Healthcare - 3850 Words

Reducing High Levels Of Nurse Turnover: The Barrier In Healthcare (Essay Sample) Content: REDUCING HIGH LEVELS OF NURSE TURNOVER Reducing high levels of nurse turnover Change Proposal The healthcare barrier which would to be addressed in the following paper consist of the high turnover rates and high levels of temporary nurse staffing. The issue is relevant because it increases the average costs per discharge (cost of inpatient care, including administration) and overall operating costs. High turnover can affect nurse performance and patient-mortality rates, staffing costs, and liability. In this paper a solution to reduce the high levels of nursing turnover will be discussed, how the solution will resolve the barrier or issue in health care and review the expected outcome for the high turnover rates and high levels of temporary nurse staffing. Based on different studies the turnover rate of nurses seems to be directly involved with how different medical institution spend their resources and time in ensuring they focus on maintaining the best talents in the industry. Nurses do such a vast majority of work within a hospital hence are not are more involved in the planning which is crucial in building the organizations work flow and environment. A solution to this would be to increase staff to reduce the workload. Consequently other approach would be to improve the leadership style of the organization. It is important that the leaders are well trained in how to properly communicate with staff without being over powering and making the staff feel like they are any less. An authentic leadership style may reduce the probability of a unit culture of workplace bullying developing, contributing to a nursing workforce that is less burned out. Continual education for all staff will be provided, along with real-time system updates bec ause this will help to better organize the work flow, thus taking some overload off the nursing staff. Not only does the work overload or high turnover of a nurse affect the nurses but it can also take a toll on the patients. Thus, techniques to reduce the nurse turnover rate the solutions for managing stresses on patients, and provide a better patient experience (Duffield et al, 2014). We will take action and get the nurses involved and set up focus groups to interview them on what would keep them at their current workplace longer. This will help us then develop a plan that will change the leadership style to be more focused on what the nurses need to work more efficiently and do their job properly with less stress. We would then benchmark the other hospital that has a lower turnover rate and specifically ask the nurses what they liked most about their job, and what kept them at their organization for so long. Through these solutions we should have the ability to reduce the amount of work the nurse’s experience, and create a happy environment where the staff feels more welcome. In turn reducing the amount of turnover that healthcare organizations are having, the nurses may have significant time to build interactions between nurses, patients and the management. This industry is expensive enough as it is and to have the added expense of the amount of money it takes to continually hire and train new staff does not help and is something that could be prevented. The outcome would be positive and the nurses and patients whom participated will be motivated by the changes taking place. They will appreciate the changes that the organization is trying to make in order to make things better. The CEO and board of directors will see the positive effect this change can have on the organization and all changes will be accepted (Ryan et al, 2015). The Implementation Plan This section will review the implementation plan for reducing high levels of nurse turnover. The organizational resources needed, the stakeholders, the timeline, the steps, and the barriers of the change plan will be discussed. The resources that will be needed to make this change happen would start with the staff such as the healthcare administrators. The healthcare administrators would collect the information to benchmark the work environment of a specialty care facility .The researchers would conduct the surveys and interviews with the nurses to find out all the information. The CEO and board of directors would be involved in order to make the decisions based on the research and to supply the funding needed (Koyner et al, 2014). The stakeholders are important because they have a vested interest in the decisions that are made within the healthcare organization. They will be needed during the implementation. First let’s start with the clinicians/ nurses and their professional associations; they are important because they are the ones experiencing the situation that the research addresses. Next, the health care researchers and research institutions will be involved and they collect and examine the data from multiple sources. Mid and upper management, the CEO, CFO, and board of directors all have to review the data and plan to give proper guidance and then the approval, it is the board of directors that grant the funding for the plan. All the stakeholders will have to prepare for such, as their will be new ways of approaching their work especially because a culture change is needed. This change will create a happier work place, bring in nurses that stay longer and can work more efficiently, the organizati on will receive more positive reviews, there will be enriched work place balance, improved patient outcomes, and overtime more revenue for the organization. This type of change plan involves a complex framework which need a comprehensive long term implementation process it should be short term. The budget needed will mainly be used towards creating a better culture based on the results that come out. There may also need to be a system change or add-on’s to increase efficiency. The total time allotted will be about 7 months, 3 months for the researching and planning, then another month waiting on approval, and then 3 more months implementing the change. First, a change team will be selected per the process. There will be representation from three different leadership levels such as senior leadership, clinical/technical expertise, and front-line leadership. The change team will emphasize on refining the practice within its own clinical environment. Actions will identify opportunity for improvement that will enhance the hospital team. They will assess the team assessment questionnaires, team performance observation tool, and site-spe cific process and outcomes measures. They will review reports and analysis’s to find the root cause of the issue. Once the main problems are identified the proper steps will be taken, they will be looking at problems which frequently affect the nurses and the patients for instance lack of good rapport between the two parties. Through the questionnaires, benchmarking, and involvement of the nursing staff then the results will be provided that will lead us to take the proper action to make the change. Through the data we will develop a map and flow chart that will discuss the challenges and the benefits of the change, and this will be presented to the CEO, and board of directors for the approval. Potential barriers to the organizational change might be that the budget needed to make the change does not get approved. We could overcome this issue by pre developing a plan that has options to replacing certain programs, or operations with a less expensive option. Another barrier would be nurse’s retention rates as they are always going to be a challenge in industries with high demand talent. One resolution would be to be better at hiring top talent in the first place and providing the staff with the proper operations, additional education, and promotions they would need to want to stay at the organization (Park et al, 2016).   Logic model A logic model involves an effective tool requiring very limited resources which only includes personnel time. It also provides details on improving the team focus and relationS, which can be further connected with other aspects of the practice like resource allocation, project management and strategic planning. The most notable model includes the Practice Research- Based Networks (PRBN) which is an extensive model for evaluation and planning. The process of developing a logic model involves four significant steps: Agreeing on the target audience and the team’s mission; the nurses must agree on the project goals which consists of improving the health care of all patients. To achieve these goals both the academic investigators and clinicians should be critically engaged in the network of success. The academicians facilitate the process of research while the clinicians define and frame the relevant research questions. Identification and description of inputs assumptions and activities; after identifying the target audience, the next step includes establishing assumptions which are done by the clinical coordinators and evaluators. The groups are tasked with the process of creating the assumptions which include in this case determining the appropriate techniques hospitals should employ in nurses retention. The inputs are then defined, this provides the list of resources which will be needed for the whole research including network directors, clinical expertise, the community and funds for the entire study also the constraints to the study should be established. After the assumptions have developed and inputs defined the next step includes describing the activities which will occur during the whole program, they should be based on the specifics of the research. A well-coordinated activity log is an essential element in a logic model (Edward et al, 2015). Identification of outputs, outcomes and indicators for results; to demonstrate that there was indeed development and growth, it is crucial to identify the particular outcomes, end-results and outp...

Tuesday, May 19, 2020

Civil War Reconstruction - 1031 Words

The period after the Civil War was a very difficult time in the United States history. This time was known as the Reconstruction period and it was a very controversial time. There were many issues that had to be addressed such as what to do with the free blacks in the south and how states would be readmitted to the Union. This era saw the rise of the Radical Republicans. The government was going through changes, southerners were going through changes, and blacks were going through changes. Whites in the south were left without people to work their plantations. Slavery was indeed a very important topic during this time. Many of the reconstruction plans that were proposed required states to prohibit slavery in order to be readmitted to†¦show more content†¦Under this plan the south was divided into five districts. Excluding Tennessee because they had already been readmitted into the Union. Each of the districts were headed by a general. The main goal of the leader was t o increase voter registration of blacks and to see to it that white confederates did not get back into office as they were before. The new voters would then vote on a new constitution that allowed blacks to vote. If the majority of the voters ratified the new constitution and the fourteenth amendment then the state would be eligible for readmission to the Union. These bills covered the objectives of Radical Republicans. They called for universal suffrage, made it likely that republicans would be put into office in southern states, and they set the standards for readmission. The south had to suffer the consequences of being defeated. To ensure their acts, Congress passed the Tenure of Office Act which prohibited the president from removing certain officeholders without the permission of the Senate. President Johnson deliberately violated this by firing Secretary of State Edwin Stanton. President Johnson was tried for impeachment but the Senate could not convict him. During th is time many things were done to help free blacks in the South. The thirteenth amendment prohibited slavery. The Freedmens Bureau was created to assist blacks with things such as education and finding homes. TheShow MoreRelatedReconstruction Of The Civil War1108 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica’s Mindset Although the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the Reconstruction brought great hope to America’s four million former slaves, the efforts of Congressional Reconstruction ultimately failed to establish equal rights for the freedmen because the racist mindset still dominated American society at the time and Democratic influence steadily overcame Republican control in Congress. Despite the Union’s victory, the end of the Civil War brought many significant national problemsRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War951 Words   |  4 PagesHistory 11 7 May 2015 Reconstruction In the beginning of 1865, the Civil War came to a close, abandoning over 620,000 dead and a destructive path of devastating all over the south. The North now was confronted with the task of reconstructing the destroyed and aggrieved Confederate states. On April 11, two days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s submission, President Abraham Lincoln delivered his last public address, during which he designated a merciful Reconstruction plans and encouraged sympathyRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War847 Words   |  4 Pages Microtheme One - Reconstruction The Reconstruction happened in period following the end of the American Civil and the main goal was to reintegrate the Southern Confederate States back into the Union after they had been defeated by the Union (Northern States). As would be expected, the process was met with many challenges as the interests of both groups had to be addressed. There was debate over the terms under which the Confederate States would be allowed back into the Union, and whether it wasRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction977 Words   |  4 Pagescalled the Reconstruction period â€Å"America’s Second Revolution†, his characterization was correct. Reconstruction can be viewed as a revolution because the previous social order, slavery, was replaced suddenly by a more favorable one, freedom for African-Americans. There was a long period of politicization for incorporating free African-Americans into white society. Reconstruction also revolutionized the preconceived notion that the states ha d autonomous power. The Civil War and Reconstruction were revolutionaryRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1560 Words   |  7 PagesPrior to the Civil War, the United States’ economy was essentially agricultural based; slavery in the South was the key player in its prosperous economy. Hence, it is no wonder the South stood in defense of slavery’s permanence when challenged with the demand for abolition. The Southern proslavery Confederate states fought against the Northern antislavery Union states during the Civil War. The Union prevailed in the war and once the Confederates seceded and left the United States with a new predicament:Read MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1054 Words   |  5 Pages As the civil war was ending many people could see that the odds of the north winning increased dramatically however many people can argue this idea based on the several events that took place during the second phase of the civil war. Carl Schurz concluded, â€Å"The Civil War was a revo lution, but half accomplished.†(Roark et al 434) Reconstruction started before the civil war ended until 1877, when people of the United States tried figuring out how to put the country back together. Many people hadRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War879 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War can be described as one of the bloodiest and gruesome war ever fought on American soil. The Civil War was fought between the Union and the Confederates. The Civil War lasted for 5 years and during that 5 year period many people ended up dying, 620,000 people to be exact and millions injured, but while the numbers can be appalling; it isn t even the beginning. The war led a schism to happen in the U.S, the whole country was divided and devastated. Abraham Lincoln the president whoRead MoreReconstruction Of The Civil War1004 Words   |  5 PagesReconstruction was one of the most important periods in American history. It was a period right after the Civil War lasting from approximat ely from 1863 to 1877. During this time, the leaders of the country and the congress struggled with a challenge of bringing the South back into the Union politically, economically and socially. One of the key challenges they faced was how to reunite the nation and what to do with the thirteen rebellious states that broke off from the Union and joined the ConfederacyRead MoreThe Civil War And Reconstruction2195 Words   |  9 PagesChapter: The Civil War and Reconstruction Overview Decades before the actual Civil War the nation was under national unity, however that shifted with new political system and movements. Coming of the Civil War Resistance of Slavery Slavery was implemented in the Americas prominently during the colonial era. Their contribution and labor to plantations was incomparable. As detailed by Fitzhugh, after centuries of oppression and abuse resistance opposing slavery were in many forms beginning withRead MoreThe Civil War: Reconstruction1156 Words   |  5 Pages The Civil war could very easily be known as one of the greatest tragedies in United States history. After the Civil War, the people of The United States had so much anger and hatred towards each other and the government that 11 Southern states seceded from the Nation and parted into two pieces. The Nation split into either the Northern abolitionist or the Southern planation farmers. The Reconstruction era was meant to be exactly how the name announces it to be. It was a time for the United States

Sunday, May 17, 2020

American Civil War Essay - 796 Words

The American Civil War In 1860, arguably the worlds greatest nation was locked in Civil War. The war divided the country between the North (Union) and South (Confederate). The war lasted five years and by 1865 the Confederate forces were truly beaten. Out of this horrendous war though, where some 600,000 men died grew a greater sense of nationalism than is today, unrivalled around the world. The American Civil War is interpreted differently by many historians but most see the catalyst as slavery, the motivation as economic, the outcome was a unified national identity. Slavery was a major issue that triggered the American Civil War. Slavery started out, as a few individual slaves coming from England that were generally white. This†¦show more content†¦What followed was an ordinance of succession which saw the other slave populated states also swear an oath to the Confederate States of America, also so that they could continue their slave trade. This situation was found to be unworkable and it divided the country in two. So in the words of Abraham Lincoln, A house divide against itself can not stand. I believe this country can not endure permanently half-slave, half-free. Slavery formed two opposing societies and could not have been abolished with out the Civil War. The North was very industrialised and had a stable economy in comparison to slave-dependant South. During the mid-1800s immigration to the North skyrocketed. Jones says, the immigration (many escaping the Irish potato famine) were willing to work for almost anything and withstand inhumane factory conditions. Although this exploitation was extremely cruel and much like the treatment of the slaves in the South, the Northern economy profited immensely (Brinkley,1991:264). Come 1860, the Union had an overwhelming advantage over the South. The North played host to 109,974 industrial firms whereas the South had only 18, 026. The Northern States also produced 96%of the locomotives in the entire country, and as for firearms, more of them were made in Connecticut than in all the Southern factories combined (quot;Civil Warquot;, Encyclopedia Americana:1988). The Southerners believed cotton to be theirShow MoreRelatedAmerican War And The American Civil War1551 Words   |  7 Pageswhich then caused the Southern states of America to decide to leave the American Union and create their own Southern Confederacy. This tore our nation apart. The American Civil War had begun and the very people that were once neighbors had each other’s blood on their hands. Many American lives had been lost. The American lives lost in the Civil War even exceeded the number of American lives lost during World War I and World War II. We were divided. The North wanted to reunite with the southern statesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1376 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was arguably the most important war in the history of the country. The War of Independence may have allowed American to become its’ own country, but the Civil War resulted in something even more important than that, the end of slavery in the southern states. All of the issues that caused the Civil war were based around slavery, such as states’ rights that involved how slavery would be handled in each state, and trying to preserve the Union since the south seceded from the northRead MoreThe American Civil War1296 Words   |  6 Pages The American Civil War, also known as the State’s War, was a conflict that arose mostly from the issue of slavery, but deep down was due to economic differences between the North and the South. The South seceded from the North and created their own self-government due to their belief in the lack of state’s rights versus the federal government and what they saw as a weakness in the Articles of Confederation. While the Confederacy of the United States depended on slave labor for their economy in regardsRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1618 Words   |  7 Pages A Civil War is a battle between the same citizens in a country. The American Civil War was fought from 1861 to 1865 to deter mine the independence for the Confederacy or the survival of the Union. By the time Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1861, in the mist of 34 states, the constant disagreement caused seven Southern slave states to their independence from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, generally known as the South, grew to include elevenRead MoreThe American Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesGuns fired, smoke lingering in the air, people dying. The American Civil War had a huge impact on the United States. Two compromises took place before the start of the Civil War. These compromises include the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850. The Missouri Compromise dealt with the crisis in 1819 over Missouri entering the Union as a slave state. The compromise was â€Å"the first major crisis over slavery, and it shattered a tacit agreement between the two regions that had been in placeRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1324 Words   |  6 PagesThere were many events that led to the cause of one of America’s most devastating war, the American Civil War. The American Civil War was an unfortunate war that cost more than the lives of six hundred thousand people. Events such as the Missouri Compromise, Kansas Nebraska Act, Dred Scott Decision, and the Election of Abraham Lincoln resulted in the four yearlong battles between the Northern and Southern states due to social and economic differences on the idea of slavery. In the 19th century,Read MoreThe War Of The American Civil War Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War lasted from April 12, 1861 to May 9, 1865. It was the bloodiest war in American history, killing approximately 620,000 soldiers in total. The War was fought and won by the North, ensuring that all the United States would stay united and slavery would be illegal in The United States. However, history is one of the most complicated things in the world. It’s also one of the most important things in the world because history is what made the present possible. Historians have debatedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War960 Words   |  4 Pagesslavery even if it meant war caused peace in this nation. Slavery was the vital cause of the American Civil War. The north and the south both had their differences on how to run the country. People in the North believed in unity and that slavery should not exist because â€Å"all men are created equally.† On the o ther hand, the South believed in continuing slavery. People tried to talk it out and come to a middle ground after both sides compromising, however that didn’t work and caused war. Ideological differencesRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War856 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery may have been established as the catalyst of the American Civil War, but the beginning of the dispute began in the time of the Revolution with a weak decentralized government under the Articles of Confederation. Later gained momentum as territorial expansion set Americans against each other on debating whether the new states should be slave states or free states, it questioned the power of the Federal government regarding state rights, and brought about instability in the unity of the UnitedRead MoreThe War Of The American Civil War1439 Words   |  6 PagesWhen the American Civil War began in the spring of 1861, those flocking to enlistment stations in states both north and south chiefly defined the ir cause as one of preservation. From Maine to Minnesota, young men joined up to preserve the Union. From Virginia to Texas, their future foes on the battlefield enlisted to preserve a social order, a social order at its core built on the institution of slavery and racial superiority . Secession had not been framed by prominent Southerners like Robert Toombs

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Othello and the Force of Love Essay - 3011 Words

Othello and the Force of Love The William Shakespeare tragedy Othello features various types of love, but none compare to the love we find between the protagonist and his wife. In this essay let us examine â€Å"love† as found in the play. In her book, Everybody’s Shakespeare: Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies, Maynard Mack comments on the love that exists between the hero and heroine: Magical in my view, though I know how far opinions differ on this point, as a way of asking us to recognize that the love these lovers share before Iago’s corruption sets in does indeed have magic in its web, contains a â€Å"work† (3.3.296) that a relationship like Cassio’s and Bianca’s can never match or â€Å"take out,† commands a†¦show more content†¦Roderigo construes Iago’s love for him as based on the ancient’s hatred for the Moor. Thus the wealthy suitor says accusingly, â€Å"Thou toldst me thou didst hold him in thy hate.† And Iago responds, â€Å"Despise me, if I do not.† Partly out of hatred for the general and partly out of proving his faithfulness to Roderigo’s cause, Iago asserts in detail the reasons for his hatred of Othello, who has given the lieutenancy to Michael Cassio, a Florentine. Secondly, Iago suggests that Roderigo and he awake and disturb Brabantio, the father of Desdemona: Call up her father, Rouse him: make after him, poison his delight, Proclaim him in the streets; incense her kinsmen, And, though he in a fertile climate dwell, Plague him with flies: though that his joy be joy, Yet throw such changes of vexation ont, As it may lose some colour. (1.1) Thus a hue and cry is raised in front of the senator’s residence – partly for the sake of Iago proving his love for Roderigo so that the financial rewards will continue coming to the soldier. Once the senator has been awakened, Iago makes a series of loud, crude, bawdy allegations against both the general and Desdemona. Strangely, the senator is not incensed by these, but rather by the fact that his daughter has indeed run away from home so that the father mustShow MoreRelatedDesdemona and Othello1198 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play, The Tragedy of Othello, Shakespeare really tests our conception as to what love is, and where it can or cant exist. Judging from the relationship between Desdemona and Othello, through Nicholson’s Othello And The Geography Of Persuasion. the play seems to say that marriage based on an innocent romantic love or profane love is bound to fail. Shakespeare is pessimistic about the existence and survival of a true type of love. There is a common thread of betrayal and deceit amongRead MoreOthello Character Analysis1241 Words   |  5 PagesOthello, a play written in the setting of Venice City during a period of war between Venice and Turkey in the 16 century is one of the numerous William Shakespeare’s plays. Othello a middle-aged black moor who is also a general in the defense forces marries Desdemona, a white aristocratic lady against the wishes of her father. Their love, however, does not have the happily ever after ending due to the manipulations, deceptions, and scheming of Iago who is driven by revenge and selfish ambitions.Read MoreEssay on Jealousy in Shakespeares Othello649 Words   |  3 PagesJealousy in Othello The tragedy of Othello is the story of jealousy. It is Othellos public insecurity that makes him jealous of Cassio and allows him to believe that Cassio has slept with Desdemona. Also, it is Iagos jealousy of Othello that drives him to destroy both Othello and Desdemona. What is fascinating about Shakespeares Othello is the way in which jealousy between the major characters is sexualized. Perhaps what makes Othello so disturbing is how quickly this sexualized jealousyRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Othello1235 Words   |  5 PagesOthello is not just about one tragedy but several tragedies of suffering and injustice. The play ends in fatalities and heartbreak from the consequences of jealousy and racism. Othello is a well-respected military man who does not let race stand in the way of earning his reputable status and attention of beautiful Desdemona. But, when the seed of jealous is planted, Othello becomes easily manipulated into believing false accusations because of his own perso nal insecurities. He becomes a menace toRead More The Theme of Control in Shakespeares Othello Essay996 Words   |  4 Pages The Theme of Control in Othellonbsp;nbsp; nbsp; Throughout history, powerful empires with boundless control have had a tendency to fall victim to corruption. It is common knowledge, among political scientists and historians, that power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. William Shakespeares Othello, the Moor of Venice (reprinted in Laurence Perrine and Thomas R. Arp, Literature: Structure, Sound, and Sense, 6th ed. [Fort Worth: Harcourt, 1993] 1060-1147) contains severalRead MoreEssay on Betrayal between Othello and Desdemonda879 Words   |  4 Pages In the play, The Tragedy of Othello, judging from the relationship between Desdemona and Othello, seems to say that marriage based on an innocent romantic love is bound to fail. There is a common thread of betrayal and deceit among many characters. Othello and Desdemona being the most vividly portrayed. The two appear to love one another romantically at first, but it soon after transforms into a secular love. This comes to pass because there is no foundati on for a relationship. ThereRead MoreOthello and Identity1730 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity is a very key, important thematic issue in William Shakespeares tragic drama, Othello. Identity, or what may be better explained as a characters public perception, is highly valued in the Elizabethan Age in which Othello is set. There is a varying range between the characters in the extent that how they are perceived in public is not how they behave in private or how they really are, thus creating more than one identity per character. A characters identity is the overall essence ofRead MoreA Postcolonialist Analysis of the Tragedy of Othello849 Words   |  4 PagesA Postcolonialist Analysis of the Tragedy of Othello Syllabus 1. Introduction Different people have different opinions towards the tragedy of Othello. Personally, I am deeply impressed by the racial bias in this tragedy; therefore I try to analyze it from the view of postcolonialism. As you know, the tragedy of Othello has a close relation with Othello’s blackness identity. In the play, the viperous Iago makes full use of Othello’s special Moor identity, which is different from the dominantRead MoreEssay on The Relationship Between Othello and Desdemona968 Words   |  4 PagesThe Relationship Between Othello and Desdemona We first learn of there being a relationship between Othello and Desdemona when Iago and Roderigo are telling Roderigo (Desdemonas Father), that an old black ram is tupping your white ewe. This is referring to Othello and Desdemona having sexual intercourse, and shortly after hearing this, we become informed that Desdemona is Tying her duty, Beauty, Wit, and Fortunes In an extravagant and wheeling stranger. ThisRead MoreOthellos Tragic Flaws746 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeare’s plays often had the downfall of a hero in it. In the play Othello: the tragic hero, Othello who is a larger than life character has earned a high rank in life as well as the military. He is a much respected man even though he is black. And has married a white woman named Desdemona. But when he makes the decision to make Casio Lieutenant instead of Iago, Iago makes a plan to destroy Othello’s life completely. Iago convinces Othello that Desdemona is not being faithful and is cheating on him with

The Identity Is Essential For Identity Essay - 1757 Words

In individuals’ whole life, they keep thinking about their identities. Questions like what the identity means to them, how to perform their identity, does the identity is important to them, and how social mainstream values their identity, is essential for them to have a precise personal image of themselves. A part of individuals’ identity comes from heredity and ethnics, while a part of identity is formed through influence from parents and peers, personal choice, and life experiences. Although others tend to know a person by physical appearance, culture background, professional life, and personality which have apparently social meaning, individuals learn about themselves by combining their beliefs, personal preference, and life trajectory with self and culture definition of their identity. Solomon in his essay â€Å"Son†, describes his personal experience of being gay that contains his mother’s disagreement, his own hesitance to keep homosexuality, his tea chers’ supports, and different social attitudes to homosexuality. His attention and thoughts are concentrated on social acceptance and social values on his identity. Differently, in â€Å"The Mind’s Eye†, Sacks takes several examples of blind people to show how they deal with their blindness by making use of personal strengths to sense the outside world. Their mental image not only shows their understanding of their perception but also expresses their personalities and interests. Both authors argue about how personal thoughts andShow MoreRelatedMasculinity As An Essential Merit Of Identity1740 Words   |  7 PagesAmerica. I saw that the film subtly skewers many aspects of life today such as consumerism, morality, organized religion, pop culture; and the focus of this essay; the portrayal of masculinity. In Fight Club, masculinity is portrayed as an essential merit of identity, absent in the average postmodern American male due to the consumerist nature of soci ety. Consequently, the film portrays this loss of masculinity as something that can only be remedied through violence, which to a certain point leads toRead MoreMulticulturalism Is An Essential Symbol Of The Canadian Heritage And Identity Essay1106 Words   |  5 PagesMulticulturalism: As it is considered that Canada’s officials policy of multiculturalism inspires a diversity of religions as part of the diversity of cultures. The multiculturalism Act 1988 proclaims that â€Å"Multiculturalism is an essential symbol of the Canadian heritage and identity.† The government and the public school system always give effort to promote the sense of multiculturalism. The ideals of the multiculturalism are helping the minorities to breathe their faiths and beliefs through practicesRead MoreLife738 Words   |  3 PagesAlexandria Armenta * Literature is counterbalanced. * Identity is essential. * Affectation becomes desirable. I chose the theme â€Å"Literature is counterbalanced† because the passion and appreciation the narrator has for literature is counterbalanced by bitter disappointment. I chose literature as the first word because literature is the one of the main focuses of the story and it is the reason why this competition of winning a chance with a writer is brought up. I also chose counterbalancedRead MoreA Body And Mind Dichotomy, Or Cartesian Daulism1617 Words   |  7 Pagesdenunciation. This is to say that there is no way to invalidate one’s thoughts, or one’s mind. The moment a stated declaration of one’s identity is made, aside from finding inconsistencies with their statements, their testimony as to their identity stands. This means that innateness is one’s thoughts, feelings, and desires, and thus, identity. And as such this identity is only discernable by expression thereof. In other words, the only way to know what one’s innateness entails is to attend to their expressionsRead MoreThe Use Of Dualism With The Mind Body Problem Essay923 Words   |  4 Pagesconcept of dualism with the Mind-Body problem. Topic: John Locke is very keen on personal identity. He believes that consciousness creates personal identity. The body isn’t essential, so when a person’s soul fleets to a different body, they are still the same person because their consciousness thrives: â€Å"Personal Identity is wherever the consciousness is† (John Locke’s pdf). In order to understand personal identity, he first identifies the concept of a person. A person comprises of a consciousness withRead MoreThe Naked Citadel By Cathy Davidson1554 Words   |  7 PagesIdentity is formed by the influence of various physical and psychological experiences that occurs throughout an individual’s life and reforms their identity. One’s identity is not made through a single event alone but through a series of events that changes it. Moreover, some events are more influential and powerful in the shaping of one s identity. Identity, as defined by Merriam-Webster Dictionary, is â€Å"The qualities, beliefs, etc., that make a particular person or group different from others†Read MoreIn â€Å"War and the State in Africa,† Jeffrey Herbst states that 1491 Words   |  6 PagesThird World, will be able to find peaceful ways to strengthen the state and develop national identities. Do you agree with Herbsts argument? Why? Lei Zhang Professor Dickson 2/10/2011 ï ¿ ½ Although African countries are facing many severe problems including weak national identities and limited governmental capabilities, war might not be the only way to strengthen the state and develop national identities. When we consider the intense globalization undertaken by the world, collaboration by AfricanRead MoreThe Importance Of The Personal Development For Citizenship Education1220 Words   |  5 Pageson a Social Studies teacher to develop good and responsible students who value their identity and citizenship. The Alberta Social Studies curriculum emphasizes that, â€Å"the dynamic relationship between citizenship and identity forms the basis for skills and learning outcomes in the program of studies† (Alberta Education 2005, p. 3). How a teacher chooses to explore the relationship between citizenship and identity can greatly influence how the Alberta Social Studies curriculum is taught. I believeRead MoreIdentity and Belonging Essay1111 Words   |  5 PagesIDE NTITY AND BELONGING ‘Knowing where you belong is essential to our sense of identity’ The quest for personal discovery is a journey which every individual must undergo. The development of a sense of self is one of the greatest achievements one can derive from life. Identity is made up of a constellation of characteristics, none more essential than the sense of belonging we feel with others. Humans by nature are social creatures and as such, we all have an instinctual desire for acceptanceRead MoreEssay Personal Identity 1209 Words   |  5 PagesThe two positions of personal identity over-time consider whether we are ‘tracking persons’ or ‘human beings’. Through analysing Locke’s account of personal identity and his definition of a ‘person’, the first side of this argument will be explained. However in opposition to Locke’s theory, the second position that considers us as ‘human beings’ will also be assessed, as advocated by animalists such as Olson. In response to this examples of cases such as amnesi a will also be taken into consideration

Apple Case Study free essay sample

The mobile personal computer industry and the mobile phone industry Mobile personal computers are PCs that can run on batteries and that are easy to carry on. It can be said that they are an evolution of the traditional personal computers. To describe the industry, it is important to start by defining its segments : The industry is concentrated, with few competitors dominating the market : Apple, Lenovo, Acer, Dell and Samsung. This industry has been suffering considerable changes with the emersion of the Tablets and the decline of the notebooks. However, notebooks are still the most known segment and the largest market share. So, in this analysis they are going to be considered as the main segment. Their key success factors are the following: Key Buying FactorsKey Competition FactorsKey Success Factors Intuitive Familiar technologyIntuitive Software AutonomyDistribution channelsCapacity Price Size Post sale serviceProduct developmentEconomies of scale Customer Support Brand Reliability The Mobile phone industry is one of the most attractive industries to study nowadays: it is growing rapidly and it is in permanent improvement and change . On the behalf of this matrix, we will discuss in detail, how Apple Inc. can rebuild and maintain its reputation. I will explain two ways in existing as well as new market for sale growth. Product development( sell new product in existing market) Product development is selling new products in existing market. Apple has strong reputation in the market. If Apple launch any product related to communication, this will increase market share of Apple. Apple need to target new segment. Apple need to launch new Mobil phone in low price segment. It is also very important for Apple to come up with something new idea to compete with Samsung. Product development is very important for Apple now. Apple Iphone’s series will not work for more time. Samsung is coming with new technology. It will be hard for Apple, may be in the future to compete with Samsung. Diversification:( sell new products in new market) Diversification is a corporate strategy to increase sales volume from new products and new markets. Diversification can be expanding into a new segment of an industry that the business is already in, or investing in a promising business outside of the scope of the existing business. It is very important for Apple to do diversification. Apple Inc. eed to enter into new market like Samsung. Apple’s iPhone is become older concept now. Apple need to launch something different and unique to maintain their reputation. Apple launch its iPhone 5 in August 2012. Apple’s next move is now to launch any new product in this year. It should be unique and little new in the market. Q: Provide three advantages and thr ee disadvantages of each in terms of the organisation priorities and feasibilities. Ans: Product development: It is not to easy to implement product development strategy into the market. This strategy is less risky as compared to other strategies. Following I will discuss I detail about the advantages and disadvantages of product development. Advantages: 1. New to the market/ fresh opportunities: Apple has good reputation in the market. This company is consider as the one of the best in innovation. If Apple inc. like Samsung launch new products in existing market. It will be helpful for the company to gain its market share. 2Competitors may have reached a declining phase, giving your product an advantage: It is another advantage for the company in existing market. It is very helpful to launch a new product when the competitor’s product is at declining phase. knowing the existing competitors and there over all market share and strategys : Now Apple already knows, what strategy is adopted by Samsung to compete in the market. All communication equipment market is adapted Mostly By Samsung. It is very helpful while product development. Disadvantages: 1 competitors- (dominance in the market ) This is an disadvantage of produ ct development strategy. It is sometime difficult to compete with the existing market. Samsang have very strong dominance in low price segment market. It may be difficult for the company to compete in this segment. Risks on failing to achieve sales and the product being unsuccessful: This is another disadvantage of product development strategy. Product can be fail in the market. Diversification: Following I will discuss in detail about the advantages and disadvantages of the diversification. Advantages: 1. (low risk, high returns) The unrelated diversification which is carefully developed and undertaken only after thorough analysis of the environment and the company? s own resources usually brings very good financial results. However, in all cases it should be a low risk investment with a potential for high returns. 2. Good source of funds during seasonal slowdown) In some cases of company acquisition, this diversification can secure funds on hand during a seasonal slowdown, adding to the cash flow for the main business activity. 3. Spreading the risk through different sectors of the economy. It is very important to identify industries in which the business activity slowdown does not coincide with the slowdowns in the main business of the company. Disadvantages: Achieving successful unrelated diversification requires good management skills, closely following each of the business activities and timely identifying and solving even the smallest problems. The greater the number of business activities, the more difficult is the total management task. 2. In many instances the overall performance of the unrelated business activities does not exceed the individual ones. Sometimes it is even worse, unless the managers are exceptionally talented and focused. 3. As a rule, the implementation of unrelated diversification strategy requires allocation of significant financial and human resources and there is always the risk of harming the main company business. Q: Conduct a risk assessment of above selected strategic options. Ans: It is very important to doing risk analysis before putting any strategy into effect. Following I will discuss in detail about the risk assessment of above selected strategic options. 1. estimate likelihood and impact of risk 2. quantitative vs qualitative 1. estimate likelihood and impact of risk 2. quantitative vs qualitative Identification of risk and their caues Identification of risk and their caues Risk Risk Identification Assessment Actions and mechanism to minimise risk. Actions and mechanism to minimise risk. Continues monitoring of risks and actions to control them Continues monitoring of risks and actions to control them Monitoring Risk treatment If Apple wants to put any strategy into effect , before that it is very important to careful consideration of the risk associated with the strategy. Risk identification: It is very necessary to identify the risk associated with the strategy. If Apple Inc. wants to do product development and diversification, than, there are many risks are attached to it. Following are the some ways to identify the risks associated with the strategy. Following are some examples of the risks related with the Apple Inc. strategy. 1. The first risk for the Apple Mobil phone is the risk of about the image. Is the customer will accept the Apple in low price segment? It is like a risk for the company. 2. Apple company is good in making computers and mobil phones. If Apple diversify its operations in other businesses, may be , it is not easy for the company to handle the businesses. It is the another risk for the company. Risk assessment: It is very necessary to examine the risk impacts on the company. If Apple implement these strategies in the company, what would be the effects of these strategies? It is important to know the risk results. Following some of the results we will get after these inputs. Apple Inc. might will lose its high status symbol in the market. Apple is known as the expensive segment phones. Apple may lose its more reputation. It might be the risk for the company. Risk Treatment: This sections cover all the things about the company can do to treat with the risks. It is very important for the company to do something to minimise the risks of the strategy. Following are the some example what Apple Inc. can do before putting the strategy. Innovation is the key of success of the company for Apple. Customers are always expect something new from Apple. Apple need to create good product as well as some innovative features to success of the product. What apple can do to treat with the risk is the high promotion of the product before launching the product in low price segment. Monitoring/ review: It is very important monitor the strategy after implementation for the effective results. Comparisons of the results with the standards is the good way of monitoring. Q: Justify the two selected strategic options? Ans: I selected two strategic options for the Apple Inc. is the Product development and differentiation. At this time, company needs to do something to maintain its reputation to survive in the market. They cannot cheat customer for long time. They do some little changes and sell their products. No doubt, Apple was the best phone when they launch first Iphone. Now Company needs to do something to build its reputation. Following I wioll give some points in favour of my selected strategic options to justify my points. 1. If Apple launch some Mobil phones in low price segment with innovation may will lead to market share leadership. Now Apple is at 3rd position in market share. Earlier Samsung was not doing well. They implemented these strategies and they come at second position. Apple need to follow these strategies to be a market leader. 2. Product development is very necessary for Apple because they did not make much changes in their iphone. It is very important for the company to innovate something to maintain its reputation. Samsung is not behind Apple now in terms of technology. Samsung is doing research now on technology. Samsung launched very innovative stretchable screen. These are the some thing that makes leaders in the market. If apple wants to stay in the market, they need to produce new technology to compete with others. 3. It is good for the company to sell their products to different segments. It is good to increase market share. 4. Customers are expecting new technology from Apple. If Apple launch any new technology in the market. It will be good for company reputation and for market share.

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Human Resource Department

Question: Write an essay on Business Communication? Answer: Through analyzing the meeting announcement, it is revealed that the letter of the human resources department is written on the structure of direct approach (Lockwood, 2012). Through the observation, it is notified that the choice of writing order of the human resources department is adequate and ethical. In this context, rationally argued that the human resources department have clarified the issue of the meeting more significantly (Yu, 2011). The objectives of the human resources department are listed below: Invite more employees to meeting Motivate employees to participate in the employee benefit plan Address initial queries of the employees regarding meeting and employee benefit plan To: All employees Subject: Meeting announcement Here, we are going to provide additional benefits to our employees through introducing a personal accident indemnity insurance plan, which will be directly deducted, from the payroll of the employees. Moreover, the policy is offering 24/7 coverage, and it will also revive the amount directly to the beneficiary in cash. The enrolment of the policy will start a week after the meeting, and the policy will become effective on May 1, 2014. During the meeting, the benefits and queries regarding the insurance policy will be addressed. Follow this link to learn about the meeting dates, locations and registration procedures. Thank you for your help. From: Human Resource Department This particular letter is written by Josh Long, and indirect approach has been taken to address the message towards Don. In this case, rationally it can be argued that narrative approach has been adopted by Josh Long for sharing the message (Lockwood, 2012). To analyse and identify the choice of order, it can be stated that the information has been shared in a complicated manner. Moreover, the same information has been repeated twice in this letter, which has also affected the impression of a professional letter in a diversified manner. Thus, it can be stated that the flow of information and choice of order is poor in this case (Institutional Repository of the University of Alicante, 2015). To identify the foremost fact of the delivered message, it can be stated that the insurance company has allowed $2900 for the replacement kitchen cabinets. On the other hand, the insurance company will upgrade the kitchen cabinets by allowing $3850 if the policyholder is willing to pay the balance $850. To point out the irrelevant aspect of this letter, it can be argued that the body of the letter need to be structured in short and simple for better understanding. At the same time, it is also revealed that same information has been repeated in this letter, which is needed to be omitted during revise the document. To assign a grade for this particular letter, it can be stated that the body of the letter is quite large and same facts have been repeated, which has created a negative impact. Thus, it is required to grade as "C", which may signify average communication skill (Baker, 2012). Reference List Baker, P., (2015). The Voice Inside. A Practical Guide to Coping with Hearing Voices, 1-32. Institutional Repository of the University of Alicante, (2015). The layout of English business letters. English for Tourism Management, 1-9. Lockwood, J., (2012). English Language Assessment for the Business Processing Outsourcing (BPO) Industry: Business Needs Meet Communication Needs. ELLS, 2 (4). Yu, X., (2011). Exploration of Schema in Business English Translation. ELLS, 1(2).

Sunday, April 19, 2020

Us History Industrial Age free essay sample

Iron was driven by demand for iron rails for railroads. Steel was developed by Henry Bessemer and William Kelly. It converted iron into versatile steel. Steel benefited the use of locomotives, steel rails, and girders for tall construction buildings. Steel can be used for coal. Together they can make furnaces and other technology well-built. The Airplane and the Automobile These two technological innovations had the farthest reaching impact in the US. Creation of gas helped powered engines. This invented fueled oil.Nicolas August Otto created gas-powered four-stroke engine, which was a precursor to automobile engines. The Wright Brows. Intended the first airplane and tested it near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Design came from France and the US approved of the new technology for transportation. Many were built and used for many purposes. It was a significant presence in Europe during World War 1. Research and Development The rapid development of new industrial technologies have made great changed in industry. We will write a custom essay sample on Us History Industrial Age or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were emergence of laboratories where people research technology that can be made using electricity and fuel.Engineers in and out of universities became tied up with research and development agendas of corporations. Some Europeans joined with American engineers in corporate research and development laboratories. The Science of Production The growth of automobile and other industries were changes in techniques of production. Industrialists began embracing Tailors after theoretician Frederick Winslow Taylor. He argued the possible change to manage human behavior to make it compatible with demands of the machine age. With more tasks of working men, production will increase.The most important change in production in technology in the industrial era was the emergence of mass production and, along with it, the moving assembly line, which Henry Ford introduced in his automobile plants in 1914. There was an emergence of automobile production where England works on motors for engines. Some motors were used by electricity or by fuel. Henry ford introduced his Model T and had become a standard for many other industries. Railroad Expansion and the Corporation The principal agent of industrial development in the late nineteenth century was the expansion of railroads.They gave industrialists access to distant markets and distant sources of raw materials. Largest businesses and created new forms of corporate organization. They were biggest investors, stimulating economic growth through their own expenditures on construction and equipment. Rockefeller had expanded only horizontally. But soon he began expanding vertically. He built his own barrel factories, terminal warehouses, and pipelines. Standard Oil owned freight cars and developed its own marketing organization.He had established such dominance within petroleum industry that too much of the nation he served as a leading symbol of monopoly. Survival of the Fittest The new industrial economy was not shrinking opportunities for individual advancement. It was providing every individual with a chance to succeed and attain great wealth. Most tycoons continued to claim that they attained their wealth and power through hard work, acquisitiveness, and thrift. Those who succeeded, they argued, deserved their success, and those who failed had earned their failure through their own laziness, stupidity or carelessness.Assumptions became the basis Of a popular social theory of the late nineteenth century: Social Darwinism, the application of Charles Darnings laws of evolution and natural selection among species to human society. Just as only the fittest survived in the process of evolution, the Social Darwinist argued. So in human society only the fittest individuals survived and flourished in the marketplace. The Gospel of Wealth Some businessmen attempted to temper the harsh philosophy of Social Darwinism with a gentler, if in some ways equally self-serving idea: the gospel of wealth. People of great wealth, had not only great power but great responsibilities. The notion of private wealth as a public blessing existed alongside another popular concept: the notion of great wealth as something available to all. Horopito Alger was the most famous promoter Of the SUCCeSS story. He is a writer that wrote novels that had a basic story of one starting off s nothing and then becoming as something extraordinary. The purpose of his writing was twofold. He wanted to influence upon social classes with writing, which will hopefully inspire them to achieve. Alternative Visions Alongside the justifications for great wealth stood a group of alternative philosophies, challenging the corporate ethos and at times capitalism. Lester Frank Ward, a sociologist argued that civilization was not governed by natural selection but by human intelligence, which was capable of shaping society. Other Americans adapted more radical approaches to reform. Other radicals aimed a wider following. Henry George blamed social problems on the ability of few monopolists to grow wealthy as a result of rising land values.He proposed a single tax on land, to replace all other taxes, which would return the increment to people. The tax would destroy monopolies, distribute wealth more equally. The Problems of Monopoly A few Americans shared their views Of those who questioned about the capitalism. People started to be concerned about the growth of monopoly. Wide range of groups had begun to assail monopoly and economic concentration. They blamed monopoly creating high prices. Monopolistic industries could charge whatever prices they wished; railroads, in particular, charged very high rates along some routes because, because they had no choice.The Immigrant Work Force Industrial work force expanded in the late nineteenth century. Expansion was a massive migration into industrial cities. First: Continue flow of rural Americans into factories, towns, and cities. Second: Was the great wave Of immigration from abroad. Many immigrants came from Canada, Europe, Asia etc. They industrialized work force. New immigrants were coming to America in part to escape poverty and oppression in their homelands. Europeans emerged as a major source of labor for mining industry.Chinese and Mexicans competed with Anglo-Americans and African Americans in mining, farm work, and factory labor in California, Colorado and Texas. Wages and Working Conditions The average income of American workers was $400 to $500 a year. Workers did not have much job security. All were vulnerable to the boom-and-bust cycle of the industrial economy. Some lost their jobs because of technological advances. American laborers faced hardships. First-generation workers accustomed to the patterns Of the patterns Of agrarian life. Most factory errors worked ten-hour days, six days a week; in steel industry. The decreasing need for skilled work in factories induced many employers to increase use of women and children. Women worked in all areas, even in some of the most arduous jobs. Most who worked were unskilled and semiskilled. Textile industry remained the largest industrial employer of women. Children worked at factories with a maximum workday of ten hours. Emerging Unionization Laborers attempted to fight back against such conditions by creating national unions. There had been craft unions in America, representing small groups of skilled workers. Individual unions could not hope to exert significant power in the economy.And during the turbulent recession years of the sass, unions faced the additional problem of widespread public hostility. The great railroad strike was Americas first major, national labor conflict. The Knights of Labor The first major effort to create a genuinely national labor organization was the founding in 1 869 of the Noble Order of the Knights of Labor, under the leadership of Uriah S. Stephens. The Knights hoped to replace the wage system with a new cooperative system, in which workers would control a large part of the economy. The Knights remained a secret fraternal organization. The Terrace V. Powdery leadership order moved into the open and entered a period of spectacular expansion. Local unions/assemblies associated with the Knights launched a series of railroad and other strikes in the sass in defiance of Powdery s wishes. The FALL Before the Knights began to decline, a rival association appeared. Samuel Compeers, a powerful leader of FALL, concentrated on labors immediate objectives: wages, hours, and working conditions. FALL demanded a national eight-hour workday and called for a general strike if the goal was not achieved by May 1, 1886.Chicago, a center a labor and radical strength, a strike was already in progress at the McCormick Harvester Company. To most middle-class Americans, the Homemaker bombing was an alarming symbol of social chaos and radicalism. The Homestead Strike The Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers was the most powerful trade union in the country. Its members were skilled workers, in great demand by employers, and thus had long been able to exercise significant power in the workplace. Demand for skilled workers was in decline as new production methods changed the stalemating progress.Carnegie and his first lieutenant, Henry Clay Erick, had decided that the Amalgamated had to go. Over the next two years, they repeatedly cut wages at Homestead. The Pullman Strike A dispute of greater magnitude, if less violence, was the Pullman strike in 1894. The Pullman Palace Car Company manufactured railroad sleeping and parlor cars, which it built and repaired at a plant near Chicago. Pullman was constructed a 600-acre town. Many people rented it and many industrial workers saw the town as a model. Workers went on strike and persuaded the militant American Railway Union, to support them by refusing to handlePullman cars and equipment. With federal troops protecting the hiring of new workers and with the union leaders in a federal jail, the strike quickly collapsed. Sources of Labor Weakness The last decades of the nineteenth century were years in which labor, despite militant organizing efforts, made few real gains. Industrial wags rose hardly at all. Labor leaders won a few legislative victories-abolition of the Contract Labor Law, the establishment of an eight-hour day for government employees, compensation for some workers injured on the job, and others.Many laws were not enforced. There were widespread strikes and protests ND many other workingwomans forms of resistance, large, small, but few real gains. Workers failed to make greater gains for many reasons. The principal labor organizations represented only a small percentage of the industrial work force; the FALL the most important, excluded unskilled workers, and along with them most women, blacks, and recent immigrants. Another source of labor weakness was the shifting nature of the work force. Many immigrant workers intend to earn some money and then return home. They had no long-range future in the country eroded their willingness to organize. Above al, perhaps, workers made few gains because they faced corporate organizations of vast wee lath and power, which were generally determined to crush any efforts by workers to challenge their prerogatives. Chapter 18: The Age of the City The Migrations Americans left the declining agricultural regions of the East at a dramatic rate in the late nineteenth century. Those left developed farmlands at the West. Most moved the cities of the east and the Midwest. Southern blacks left rural America for industrial cities in the sass.Some were escaping poverty, debt, violence, and oppression they faced in the rural south. The most important resource of urban population growth was the arrival of great numbers of new immigrants. The Ethnic City Most of the population of the major urban areas consisted of immigrants. In other countries experiencing heavy immigration in this period, most of the new arrivals were coming from one or two sources. But in the US, no single national group dominated. Most of the new immigrants were rural people and for many the adjustment to city life was painful.Ethnic neighborhoods offered newcomers much that was familiar. They could find newspapers and theaters in their languages, stores selling their native foods, and church and arterial organizations that provided links with their national posts. The cultural cohesiveness of the ethnic communities clearly eased the pain of separation from the immigrants native lands. Some ethnic groups advanced economically more rapidly than others. One is by huddling together in ethnic neighborhoods, immigrant groups tended to reinforce the cultural values of their previous societies.Immigrants who aroused strong racial prejudice among native-born whites found it difficult to advance whatever their talents. Assimilation and Exclusion Virtually all groups among the immigrant communities had certain things in moon. Most shared the experience of living in cities. Most were young; majority of newcomers were between 15 and 45 years. Most of foreign born had to compete against another powerful force: the desire for assimilation. Native-born Americans encouraged immigrants to assimilate in countless ways.Public schools taught children in English and employers often insisted workers speak English on the job. The government had concerned about immigration. The Creation of Public Space Among the most important innovations of the mid-nineteenth century were great city parks, which reflected the desire of growing number Of urban adders to provide an antidote to the congestion of the city landscape. Parks would allow city residents a healthy, restorative escape from the strains of urban life with the natural world. Frederick Law Limited and Calvert Faux designed New Works Central Park. They created a public space that would look as little like the city as possible. Central park was from the start one of the most popular and admired public spaces in the world. At the same time some cities created great parks, art museums, concert halls, and opera houses. Cities made effort to redesigning existing landscapes. The Search for Housing One of the greatest problems was providing housing for thousands of new residents who were pouring into cities each day. The availability of cheap labor reduced cost Of building and permitted anyone with even a moderate income to afford a house.Some of the richest urban residents lived in palatial mansions located in exclusive neighborhoods in the heart of each city. Most urban residents could not afford their own house in the city or move to suburbs. They stayed in city centers and rented. The first tenements had been hailed as great improvement in housing for the poor. Most in fact were ascribable places with no windows and no plumbing or heat. Urban Technologies: Transportation and Construction urban growth posed transportation challenges. People needed to move every day from one part of the city to another.Street cars on tracks by horses were introduced. Horse cars were not fast enough so many places developed new forms of mass transit. Such as in New York, it opened its first elevated railway, steam-powered trains. New York, Chicago and San Francisco experimented with cable cars. Boston opened the first American subway. One of the great technological marvels of the 1 sass was the Brooklyn Bridge in New York. Cities grew upward. The construction of the skyscraper was made and elevators were created. Fire and Disease Ares destroyed large downtown areas.Chicago and Boston suffered great fires in 1871. Others experienced similar disasters. These fires were terrible but were most important events in the development of the cities involved. Constructors encouraged fireproof buildings and the development of pro fire departments. They also forced cities to rebuild at a time when new technological and architectural innovations were available. A greater hazard than fire was disease in poor neighborhoods with inadequate sanitation acclivities. But an epidemic that began in a poor neighborhood could spread easily into other neighborhoods as well.Municipals recognized improper sewage disposal and water contamination to diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera; many cities lacked adequate systems for disposing Of human waste until well into the ;ninetieth century. Flush toilets and sewer systems began to appear in the sass but did not solve the problem as long as sewage continued to flow into open ditches or streams, polluting cities water supplies. Environmental Degradation Modern notions of environmental science were unknown to most Americans n the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.Environmental degradation of many American cities was a visible and disturbing fact of life in those years. The frequency of great fires, the dangers of disease and plague, the extraordinary crowding of working-class neighborhoods were all examples of environmental costs of industrialization and rapid arbitration. Improper disposal Of human and industrial waste was a common feature Of almost all large cities in these years. Air quality in many cities was poor as well. By 20th century reformers were crusading to improve environmental conditions.New sewage and drainage systems were created to protect drinking water from sewage disposal. The Fed created the Public Health Service to treat occupational diseases like tuberculosis and other trades. Urban Poverty, Crime, and Violence The expansion of the city spawned widespread and often desperate poverty. Public agencies and private organizations were poorly funded and in any case dominated by middle-class people who believed that too much assistance would breed dependency. Most tried to restrict aid to the deserving poor. Charitable organization conducted investigations to separate deserving room undeserving. Middle-class people grew alarmed over the rising of poor children in the cities, some were orphan or runaways. Poverty and crowding bred crime and violence. American murder rate rose rapidly in the late nineteenth century. Some middle class people feared urban insurrections and felt the need for more substantial forms of protection. Urban National Guard built imposing remarries and stored large supplies of weapons and ammunition in preparations for uprisings.The city Was a place of strong allure and great excitement. But it was also a place of degradation and exploitation. The Machine and the Boss For many residents of inner cities, the principal source of assistance was the political machine. It is a power vacuum that the chaotic growth of cities created. It was a product of optional voting power of large immigrant communities. Out of that combo emerged urban bosses. The function was simple: to win votes for his organization. Machines were also vehicles for making money. The most corrupt city boss was William M.Tweed, boss of New York Citys Tammany Hall, whose extravagant use of public funds on projects that paid kickbacks to the organization landed him in jail in 1872. Patterns of Income and Consumption Incomes were rising in highly uneven rates. Salaries of clerks, accountants, and other white-collar workers rose by an average of a third between 1 890 and 1910. Doctors, lawyers, and other pros experienced a dramatic increase in both prestige and profitability of their professions. Working-class incomes rose too. Rising incomes created new markets for consumer goods. Affordable products and new merchandising techniques soon made many consumer goods available to mass market for the first time. An example of good change was ready-made clothing. Buying and preparing food became a critical part of new consumerism. The development of cans created an industry devoted to selling canned food and condensed milk. Changes brought improved diets and better health. Chain Stores, Mail-order Houses and Department Stores Changes in marketing altered the way Americans bought goods. Chain stores could offer a wider array of goods at lower prices than the small local stores which competed. Large cities emerged great department stores. It helped transform buying habits and turned shopping into a more alluring and glamorous activity. Chicago created the first American department stores-a place to produce a sense of wonder and excitement. Such stores where emerged in New York, Boston, and other cities. Women as Consumers Womens clothing styles changed more rapidly than mens, which encouraged more frequent purchases. The bought and prepared food for their families, so new food products did not only change but also the way everyone ate and the way women shopped and cooked.The consumer economy produced new employment opportunities for women as salesclerks and waitresses. The National Consumers League attempted to mobile power of women as consumers to force retailers and manufacturers to improve wages and working conditions. Refining Leisure In early eras, few Americans had considered leisure a valuable thing. In the nineteenth century, the beginnings of a redefinition of leisure appeared. In early times, Simon Patten feared of scarcity had caused people to place a high value on thrift, self-denial, and restraint.But in modern industrial societies, new economies could create enough wealth to satisfy not just the needs, but desires, of all. As leisure became part of American life, it began new experiences with which to entertain them. Mass entertainment bridged differences of class, race, or gender. There was shopping, saloons, sporting events, theaters, pubs, and clubs. Spectator Sports Among The most important responses to the search for entertainment was the rise of organized spectator sports, and especially baseball. Baseball had great appeal to working-class males.The second most popular game, football, appealed at first to a more elite segment of male population, in part because it originated in colleges and universities. Basketball and boxing became popular as well. Participation in major sports was almost exclusively the province of men, but several sports emerged in which women became important participants. Golf and tennis both experienced a rapid increase mongo relatively wealthy men and women. Bicycling and croquet also enjoyed widespread popularity in the sass. Womens colleges introduced their students to more strenuous sports like track, crew, swimming, and basketball.Music, Theater, and Movies Many ethnic communities maintained their own theaters. Urban theaters also introduced new distinctively American entertainment forms: the musical comedy, which evolved gradually from the comic operettas of Europe; and vaudeville, a form a theater adapted from French models, which remained most popular urban entertainment into the first decades of the twentieth century. Vaudeville was also one of the few entertainment media open to black performers. They brought elements of minstrel shows they earlier developed for black audiences in the late nineteenth century.The most entertainment was the movies. Thomas Edison and others created the technology of motion picture rest. Soon after that, short films became available to individual viewers watching peepshows in pool halls, penny arcades, and amusement parks. By 1900, Americans were becoming attracted in large numbers to early movies. Motion pictures were the first truly mass entertainment medium. Patterns of Public and Private Leisure Many Americans spent their leisure time in places where they would not find not only entertainment but also other people.Thousands of working-class New Yorkers spent evening in dance halls, vaudeville houses, and concert halls. Moviegoers were attracted not just by movies themselves but by the energy of the audiences at lavish new movie palaces, just as sports fans were drawn by the crowds as well by the games. Many Americans amused themselves privately by reading novels and poetry as well. The Technologies of Mass Communication The transformation of publishing and journalism was to a large degree a exult of new technologies of communication.